Radioactivity

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Introduction

In 1896, the French physicist Antoine Henri Becquerel discovered that uranium salts emit invisible radiation that blackens light-tight packaged photographic plates and discharges the charged capacitor plates. A year earlier, on December 28, 1895, Wilhelm ConradRöntgen published the manuscript "About a new kind of rays - preliminary communication", which gave a concise report on the discovery of X-rays. The work was translated into several languages within a short period of time. Further information on this topic can be found at the University of Würzburg. A little later (1898) the Curies isolated polonium and radium by processing several tons of pitchblende.

radioactivity: Certain nuclides (atomic nuclei) have the property of spontaneously - without external influence - changing into other nuclei. Radiation is emitted (α-, β-radiation or γ-rays). This property is called radioactivity. The nuclei of such atoms are called radionuclides.

Radionuclides: Radionuclides are atoms whose nucleus decays. A distinction is made between natural and artificial radionuclides. Naturally occurring radionuclides are referred to as natural radioactivity, and both radionuclides generated by nuclear reactions are referred to as artificial radioactivity.